Types of fire doors.
Types of fire doors
Fire doors are characterized by high burglary resistance and fire resistance. All known types of fire doors are capable of containing fire in a certain area for two to two and a half hours.
Fire doors made of wood are usually made using a frame and panel slightly more powerful than in a conventional design. In addition, wooden fire doorcan be equipped with a special sealant that will resist fire and smoke. The sealant is capable of foaming when exposed to high temperatures for a long time, thus sealing the entire interior space of the door. A wooden fire door is practically no different in appearance from a regular prototype. Such doors can use frames made of solid wood, which is tightly fitted to the door leaf, or they can be made of special protective steel.
Fireproof steel doors
They are created using a double fold and a double layer of fire-resistant sealant. Such doors have a design feature, which is that they usually have a door leaf with a box-shaped cross-section and are covered with steel sheets, as well as a fold on several sides at once. The fold sheathing can also vary: it can be narrow or quite wide. Fireproof steel doorssuccessfully cope with the task of sound and heat insulation. The insulation material, as a rule, is made using mineral wool slabs, which fill the interior space of the door, making it inaccessible not only to fire, but also to sound, and also allowing you to keep the heat inside the room in cold weather. Three sides of the frame of this type of fire doors are covered with a special sealant and foaming gasket.
Metal fire doors can be made on the basis of aluminum. Such doors also consist of several layers. Inside, using special technologies, heat-insulating materials are laid out — usually this is mineral wool made from rocks. Also, the inner layer of fire doors is supplemented with heat-insulating gaskets — thermal bridges. This is done in order to minimize heat transfer.
In addition to those listed, there are also types of fire doors made of glass, made using a special technology for removing transparent fireproof material.
Fire door GOST
The presence of fire doors, according to GOST in some cases, is mandatory. Where should be fire door. GOST stipulates that in industrial buildings — all passages between warehouses, workshops and common rooms must be separated by fire doors. In addition, fire door GOSTrequired in warehouses, in rooms where there is a high risk of equipment ignition, in residential buildings where the ground floors are equipped as shops and offices. Fire doors must be subject to mandatory certification. The document confirming the certification of such doors is a fire safety certificate issued by the relevant certification body based on the results of product testing by a testing laboratory accredited in the fire safety certification system. Some documents related to the issue of «Fire door GOST»:
- GOST 30247.2-97 evaluates the fire resistance of the door itself: how long the door can successfully contain the fire, at what temperatures it begins to collapse.
- GOST 30247.0-94 regulates the requirements for testing structures for fire resistance. During the tests of this GOST, the fire safety of the door is subjected to serious technical tests.
- GOST 26602. 1-99 contains requirements for window and door fire partitions and determines the methods of resistance to heat transfer.
- GOST 26602.3-99 contains requirements for window and door fire partitions and determines their sound insulation.
- GOST 26602.3-99 «Building structures. Fire doors and gates». When testing for fire resistance, this GOST is used — fire safety also guarantees protection of the premises from excessive heating to too high a temperature.