Proper electrical wiring is the key to safety.
Proper electrical wiring is the key to safety.
It would seem that this state of affairs is not a surprise to anyone, and the situation repeats itself from year to year. In this regard, the question arises, why are there no changes? All the work, as always, falls on the shoulders of the employees of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia. However, they are not the only ones responsible for fire safety. Investigating the causes of fires, inspectors often come to the conclusion that the main one is precisely the faulty electrical wiring as a result of poor installation. Fire safety of premises is regulated by law, and the relevant documents stipulate the need to check the condition and functioning of the electrical wiring. Doesn't this indicate that the electricity supply to the house was carried out at a low level, from the point of view of professionalism? Electrical wiring is not the last place in the repair and installation work. The company that supplies the house with electricity is required to have permits for electrical work. The material of the walls on which the cable is laid is classified as combustible structures, especially for houses with wooden floors, of which there are more than half in Russia. A mandatory condition in the process of electrification of any building is the installation of a grounding circuit. It is also necessary to control the choice of automatic protection — high quality equipment is required. In order to ensure uninterrupted operation and safety of electrical wiring, it is important to pay attention to maintaining a balance when distributing the loads of the power lines from the electrical panel.
Open and outdoor electrical wiring
Now a little about the wiring itself. There are two types: open wiring and internal wiring. Open wiring is different in that the cable is laid on the surface. Installation of open wiring of a building can be performed directly on the surface of walls, ceilings, on strings, cables, rollers, insulators, in pipes, boxes, corrugated hoses, metal sleeves, in electrical skirting boards and trims, in the form of a free suspension. External wiring, in turn, can be stationary, mobile and portable. Most often, external wiring is laid in a cable channel. Open electrification is serviced at a lower cost, but it is worth remembering that open cable laying on combustible structures is prohibited, otherwise, the external wiring can easily catch fire. This type of electrical wiring is optimal for concrete and brick walls in industrial, basement and warehouse premises.
Internal electrical wiring
It is laid inside the structural elements of the building, that is, inside the walls, floor, ceilings, foundation. Installation of hidden electrical wiring of the house is carried out in pipes, flexible metal sleeves, boxes, closed channels and voids of building structures, in plastered grooves, under plaster, as well as by monolithing into building structures during their manufacture. Hidden, internal electrical wiring is an object of increased danger. Despite a certain amount of risk, internal wiring work can be carried out in any room, while all fire safety requirements must be strictly observed. Internal electrical wiring is carried out correctly if the installation is carried out in two stages. At the first stage, the grounding circuit is installed, electricity is connected from the pole, the cable is laid, the electrical panel equipment is mounted and connected, sockets for wall boxes are drilled, wall boxes are installed, and areas for frames are prepared. Then it is necessary to process the walls, ceilings and floors. The second stage involves connecting and installing sockets and switches, installing various types of lighting fixtures. Of course, the matter is not limited to installation work only; the residential building power supply project is another important aspect of safety. Such activities are necessarily regulated by the relevant standard. The residential building power supply project is coordinated by Rotechstandart. Before implementing the project at a specific facility, it is necessary to complete a set of design and survey works. The scope of these works includes the initial collection of loads from the facility's electricity consumers, a preliminary survey of the facility, development of the approved part of the power supply project, which includes a reference to the standard power supply project, obtaining permits and specifications from interested organizations and preparing working documentation.