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Features of national design.
The basis of an intelligent building is an automated system that combines resource-saving, security and comfort systems.
Such a system is implemented partially or in full when designing almost any administrative, industrial or residential facility.
At the stages of creation and operation, it is subordinate to various services. Experience in creating such systems shows that, as a rule, the security system is operated by the facility's security service, and resource-saving and comfort-enhancing systems using the facility's utility networks are operated by the chief engineer's or service organization's departments.
The most common element of resource-saving and comfort-enhancing systems at the present time is the dispatching system, which implements the functions of managing the building's utility networks.
At the design stage of intelligent building systems, when forming the requirements of the technical specifications, the relevant sections are also agreed upon by various services: sections of technical security equipment — by the deputy head of security, sections of utility networks, including dispatching — by the chief engineer.
As a result, the issues of interaction between systems are often poorly developed.
The competent development of design documentation for security systems is largely facilitated by the presence of a significant regulatory framework. Although the provisions of a number of documents no longer fully take into account the modern development of technical security equipment, in general the construction of these systems is regulated.
When designing utility networks of buildings, one of the sections of the project is the development of a dispatching system for utility networks of the building.
Formally, it is present in all projects. However, the inadequacy of the regulatory framework and the lack of significant incentives for the implementation of resource-saving technologies often lead to the formal writing of this section of the project.
The current standards VSN 60-89 provide for the organization of dispatch services for residential and public buildings of mass construction and practically do not define the requirements for dispatch systems of an individual building, especially a high-rise one.
Let's consider the practice of designing dispatch systems.
At the stage of developing the technical specifications, for various reasons, the customer, as a rule, limits himself to indicating the use of automation equipment for individual engineering systems and, at best, defining the requirements for the premises of the dispatch room.
The dominant role among engineering systems is played by the fire extinguishing system, which is mandatory for implementation in all types of buildings and has powerful regulatory and methodological support.
Often, it is the developers of fire extinguishing systems who determine the location of the control room and the requirements for it, naturally, without taking into account the subsequent placement of automation equipment of other engineering systems and equipment of the control system in this room.
Requirements for automation of utility networks are usually specified in sections of the technical specifications that define the requirements for the development of the corresponding utility networks.
Naturally, at the design stage, the developer of each system independently determines the composition and characteristics of the automation equipment of the designed system.
The absence of uniform requirements for the protocols of interaction of automation equipment of various engineering systems in the technical specifications significantly complicates the task of constructing a dispatching system and ultimately leads to an increase in its cost.
At the «design documentation» stage, with a formally completed technical specification, the initial data can be issued to the developers of dispatching systems only after the development of the main technical solutions for the automation systems of all engineering networks.
And only then it becomes clear that the automation equipment uses different exchange protocols, there is no provision for issuing control signals to external systems, there is no possibility of remote control of system elements, etc.
Which inevitably leads to the construction of a more complex and expensive dispatching system, since there is a need to use gateways to interface disparate protocols, duplicate control points, and develop additional control algorithms for elements of engineering systems.
In addition, due to the described procedure for collecting initial data, the development timeframes for the project for dispatching utility networks are extremely tight, since the sections of the project for other systems (sections of automation of utility networks) are at the stage of completion.
Thus, the following features of dispatching system design that have developed to date can be identified:
1. The technical specifications for the dispatching system, as a rule, are weakly linked to the technical specifications for the automation of utility networks, are developed separately from them and do not define the system requirements for the protocols for interaction of automation systems with the equipment of the dispatching system.
It is necessary to ensure that the technical specifications for the development of automation for all utility networks include system requirements for protocols for their interaction with elements of the dispatching system, and a list of parameters whose values should be issued according to this protocol.
2. There are virtually no regulatory documents governing the construction of utility network dispatching systems. This is especially important when implementing government orders.
3. For various reasons, the market situation does not yet require the mass implementation of energy-saving and resource-saving technologies. Which, naturally, affects the customer's requirements for the design of the facility.
4. There are very few trained design specialists. Basically, there are narrow specialists in a certain line of equipment. There are practically no system specialists who can offer the customer several options for building dispatching systems in different price ranges.
5. Integrated standard solutions in different price niches are poorly developed, the consumer has practically no opportunity to make an informed choice.
6. There is virtually no professional staff to maintain and operate intelligent building systems after the facility is commissioned.
Changing the approach to designing intelligent building systems can significantly help change the image of an intelligent building as an extremely expensive and not very necessary toy for the customer.
Opportunities to reduce the cost of creating intelligent building systems at the design stage:
1. Formation of a single technical task for dispatching systems and utility networks allows eliminating duplication of elements of automation systems of utility networks and dispatching systems.
The following chain of requirements must be observed: customer requirements for a set of control functions for all building systems – requirements for automation of a certain list of functions – requirements for automation of individual networks.
2. The choice of a single protocol for interaction between automation systems of utility networks reduces the cost of the dispatching system due to the unification of design solutions and the absence of duplication of elements in the design of the system.
3. Defining agreed requirements for automation of utility networks allows reducing the design time due to the simultaneous design of dispatching systems and automation systems of utility networks.
The set of measures planned by the government for the implementation and introduction of resource-saving technologies gives hope for the appearance in the near future of regulatory documents governing the requirements for the construction of intelligent building systems.
We would like to hope that the solution to the problems described in this article will help introduce new approaches to the design of automated systems of an intelligent building.
Author: Alexander MALTSEV, Technical Director of Intel Tectum, PhD in Engineering