|
Quite a few articles have already been written on the topic of housing stock security. However, today it cannot be said that there are any general rules, regulations or recommendations for equipping residential buildings with security systems. This is due to completely objective reasons. Firstly, until recently, all buildings were municipal property, which resulted in an interdepartmental conflict — the housing committee was supposed to monitor the buildings, and the police — public safety. And where the interests of different departments collide, as a rule, nothing is done. Secondly, the state has always believed that «the safety of residents is the business of the residents themselves» and limited itself exclusively to propaganda.True, there are standards for equipping residential buildings with fire alarm systems, but any fire inspector will tell you that they are only implemented in newly built buildings. In 2005, the Ministry of Emergency Situations issued a special national standard defining the rules for creating monitoring information systems for high-risk facilities. It is also perfect for housing stock facilities, but the ministry did not extend the requirements of the new GOST to these facilities, since they understood what investments would be required from the owners, that is, the residents.
In 2004, with the adoption of the new Housing Code in the Russian Federation, a new stage in the management of housing and communal services began. Each resident becomes a participant in the management of housing and communal services on the scale of a specific house. In 2008, all residents of the country will become homeowners to one degree or another. The owners will also have a new task — the maintenance of the common property of the house. All residential buildings will become legal entities, and, accordingly, general requirements will be imposed on them. The first requirement will be a requirement from the fire inspection to restore the OPPZ. There have already been such cases in our city. They ended with rallies of residents and an appeal to the district and city authorities. As you know, it is difficult for a voter to object. Actions were suspended until better times.
However, no one will ever remove such requirements for the maintenance of the common property of the house as:
- ensuring compliance with the reliability and safety characteristics of the building;
- ensuring the safety of life and health of citizens, the safety of property of individuals, legal entities and other property.
And the state housing inspection, in accordance with the law, is called upon to exercise state control over the use and safety of the housing stock. So, as always, the controlling body already exists, but what to control and how is unclear. This problem can be divided into three parts: equipping the facility with technical means, organizing a response service to emergencies, and organizing financial protection — insuring the facility.
Housing stock facilities are quite rightly considered to be so-called intelligent, containing low-current and utility network equipment, united into a single cable system. This circumstance is recommended to be followed when creating security and safety systems. But there is no single regulatory document, unless, of course, the requirements of GOST R 22.1.12-05 «Structured system for monitoring and managing engineering systems of buildings and structures» are extended to housing stock facilities. As initial regulatory and technical documents, technical specialists of security and safety services are recommended two dozen norms and rules adopted in various departments and often mutually exclusive.
One way out of the current situation could be the development of uniform recommendations for the phased creation of security systems in residential buildings. They could be divided, for example, into three levels: mandatory, recommended and desirable. The mandatory level should include only those systems without which safe living in the building is impossible: fire and emergency alarms, smoke removal, etc. The recommended ones include the minimum set of tools that would help residents keep their common property safe and ensure their own safety in the adjacent territory and in the entrances of the building. Such tools include security alarms, access restrictions and television surveillance. The desirable ones include the tools necessary for comfortable living in the building — equipment for a concierge or management company console, tools for monitoring the state of engineering systems, etc.
The introduction of such recommendations would make it possible to:
- develop a unified technical approach to equipping facilities;
- define the basic requirements for such systems;
- optimize the costs of project implementation on the part of residents and the state.
A number of pilot projects have been implemented in St. Petersburg, demonstrating new technical capabilities of the system for integrated monitoring and ensuring the safety of housing facilities. The very first experience of operating such systems showed the impossibility of resolving the issue of prompt response to an event that has occurred. The dispatcher receives information about an accident and notifies the appropriate service by phone, which arrives at the scene within a few hours. Mobile groups of security companies could be involved in order to ensure prompt response to the situations that have arisen. Performing simple additional functions for monitoring not only security, but also emergency and fire alarms could become a significant expansion of the scope of services for security companies. This would increase the company's turnover by attracting new clients and offering new services to existing ones. In addition, one cannot fail to take into account the increase in the social significance of such a company, and, consequently, an increase in its attractiveness in the eyes of potential consumers.
Insurance of a residential property is a tool for creating financial protection against unforeseen events, which usually result in damage to the property of apartment owners, common property of the building and harm to life (health) of third parties. Civil liability insurance for harm to life, health and property of third parties during the operation of equipment classified as hazardous production facilities, such as elevator equipment and stationary gas consumption facilities, is mandatory upon their registration with the State Technical Supervision Service. And here one cannot help but pay attention to the fact that for insurance purposes, an extremely important factor influencing the degree of risk is the protection of the facility by fire safety and security measures. If the facility is equipped with access and control systems, insurance rates can be significantly lower than the base ones.
In my opinion, only a comprehensive approach allows us to achieve positive results in solving the issue of ensuring the security of a particular building and use the same technical solutions to provide information to various structures of the housing and communal services, the Department of Internal Affairs and the Ministry of Emergency Situations. A phased approach to equipping facilities with technical security equipment, providing private security structures with the opportunity to service these facilities in full, and creating a system of financial protection for citizens through insurance would allow for the efficient and economical operation of housing facilities and create conditions in the country for safe and comfortable living for citizens.
|
