Fire protection treatment of structures is the best fire prevention.
Fire protection treatment of structures is the best fire prevention.
Fire protection treatment of structures
Some new types of structures that are used in construction today, according to all the rules of construction mechanics, are subject to destruction in a fire within a few minutes. For example, the calculation of the fire safety risk of a building is carried out taking into account the quality of the processing of materials. For such materials, fire protection treatment of structures is required.. According to the definition, this is one of the methods of fire protection, creating a barrier to combustion. To ensure the fire resistance of materials from which buildings are subsequently constructed, fire protection treatment of structures is used. The degree of fire resistance of structures increases after special work. The goals of the treatment are: prevention of ignition;
-stopping the development of the initial stage of a fire;
-reducing dangerous fire factors;
-localizing the fire;
-accelerating the formation of coal.
Fire protection treatment of structuresconsists of impregnating structural elements of building objects with fire retardants, as well as applying fire-retardant paints, varnishes, and coatings to their surface. Fire protection treatment of structures is performed only by persons with the appropriate licenses.
Fire protection of building materials
Fire protection of building materialsis carried out within the framework of several basic design methods. These methods include: cladding building structures with heat-insulating materials, installation of heat-reflecting screens, increasing the cross-section of structures. Fire protection of building materialsinvolves preliminary measures aimed at preparing the surface. To prepare for processing, the following actions should be taken: eliminate defects from the surface; remove oil and grease contaminants; remove mill scale and corrosion products (for metal structures); remove contaminants (dust, destructive fragments, abrasive residues, etc.). Next, direct fire protection of building materials can be carried out. When carrying out this type of work, mechanical, thermal and chemical cleaning of the material surface is used. The fire protection characteristic of the coating composition by action time is presented in the form of five groups of compositions. 1st group — at least 150 min; 2nd group — at least 120 min; 3rd group — at least 60 min; 4th group — at least 45 min;
5th group — at least 30 min.
How long will the applied fire protection of building materials, depends on the quality of the material used, as well as on strict adherence to the application technology and qualified assessment of the condition of the protected structures. Fire protection materials should not only protect the structure in the event of a fire, but also have good adhesion to the substrate of the material or structure. A fire protection coating based on the highest quality material may not provide such reliable protection. This requires strong adhesion between the coating and the metal surface, which directly depends on the quality of surface preparation. The fire safety declaration requires the mandatory use of fire protection products.
Fire protection products
Now a little more detail about the substances themselves used in this type of protective work. Fire protection products— is a fire protection composition or material with fire protection efficiency and specially designed for fire protection of various objects. The composition is a certain substance or mixture of substances with fire protection efficiency. Fire protection products must have technical documentation, which includes technical conditions, process regulations, passports, which are developed and registered by the manufacturer. Fire protection products are characterized by a fire protection group, consumption level, thickness of the fire protection layer, density, specific application technology, adhesive composition, number of layers required for application, drying conditions. Fire protection products are also important to store correctly. Packaging, storage conditions and transportation of fire protection products must ensure their fire protection properties throughout the entire specified shelf life. Fire protection products cannot be used on unprepared (or prepared in violation of the requirements of the technical documentation for these products) surfaces of protected objects.