Electroshock devices.

Electroshock devices.

Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine
Dnipropetrovsk National University

“Electroshock devices”

Completed by: student of platoon 511
Petrenko Vitaliy
Checked by: lieutenant colonel
Kozeyev I.S.

Contents

Introduction
Operational and tactical characteristics
Classification of stun guns
Principle of operation of stun guns
Recommended points and principle of impact
Design of stun guns
Tactics for using service ESA
Characteristics of ESA
Cobra stun gun and Skat stun gun
ESHU «Laska-2»
Electric stun guns of the Karakurt series
ESHU-039
Arnold AIR-107
Margo ESHU
Autonomous spark gap «Katran»
Electroshock device «Convoy»
Electroshock weapons of the «Malvina» series
Electroshock weapons of the «Scorpion» series
Taser electroshock pistols
Electroshock devices ESHU 200 and ESHU 200 M
Electroshock weapon «Thunder»
Bibliography

Introduction

«Electroshock» can be safely called a self-defense weapon, since it has all its features and is a close combat self-defense weapon. Unlike a knife, a stun gun is not a lethal weapon, however, it has all the same disadvantages as in the case of a bladed weapon. In order to use a stun gun, you need to let the enemy at arm's length, in this case, you have a chance not only to lose your weapon, but also to get it if your enemy is more prepared than you. Of course, you have an advantage, but if you use it incorrectly, it will turn against you. The action of the stun gun on the target is to deprive the enemy of consciousness for a certain period of time. As one of the victims of this product admitted, the light was turned off, and two hours later it was turned on, and I do not remember anything … However, it is possible to «turn off» a person forever if he has heart problems or something else. In general, stun guns are prohibited on the territory of Ukraine, even for use in the Ministry of Internal Affairs.

Basically, all electroshock devices of “Western production” are of the same type with the same operating principle. Power is supplied by a 9-volt “Krona” battery, or two batteries. They are divided by the power of the output charge. The enemy is struck by an electric shock of approximately 40,000, 80,000, 100,000, etc. volts, but the current is very small to kill, only 0.6 mA. This is enough to paralyze the neuromuscular reaction and disable the enemy.

Unlike other types of non-lethal self-defense weapons, an electroshock device is more reliable in localizing an enemy who is intoxicated with alcohol, drugs, or is not himself, in any case, the effect on the target is 100%, which neither gas weapons nor pneumatic weapons can boast of, except for traumatic weapons loaded with an elastic bullet (rubber).

There is a long-range electroshock device in the USA, designed to hit an enemy from 5, 10 meters. The principle of operation is the same as all stun guns, however, with this model you can restrain the enemy at a safe distance. The device shoots two spikes connected by wires to the stun gun, and when it hits a person's body, a discharge occurs, after which the enemy is neutralized. The device is equipped with a laser sight and a quick-change shooting unit with two spikes.

Electric shock weapons have many positive aspects. It is almost an ideal self-defense weapon with a 100% guarantee of defeating the enemy, if of course it is used correctly, so its shortcomings could be overlooked, if not for the most significant shortcoming concerning all electric shock self-defense weapons — the ban on its use in Ukraine. Moreover, this ban applies even to law enforcement officers! So, excuse me! And carrying «electric shockers» is illegal!

Operational and tactical characteristics

The niche occupied by the ESU in the self-defense market segment is determined by the operational and tactical characteristics of the ESU, the main ones being the following:

ESHU is a non-lethal weapon, like a self-defense gas weapon, i.e. a means, with the correct use of which the attacker will be stopped for some time and neutralized (disarmed), but he will remain alive (this is a strong positive psychological factor);

ESHU is a weapon of local and safe action for the owner, it can be effectively used both outdoors in a strong headwind or snow, and in an entrance, elevator, car, i.e. in cases where a gas weapon is either ineffective or unsafe for the owner due to the possibility of self-defeat. Physical contact between the attacker and the owner of the ESHU is also safe for the owner, since only the area of ​​the attacker's body located between the output electrodes of the ESHU is exposed to the effect;

ESHU is an environmentally friendly weapon that does not pollute the atmosphere, suit, pockets or bag of the owner (gas weapons always leave traces of an irritant, i.e. an irritating substance, on the palms, in the pocket, on the owner's clothes, etc.);

ESHU is a contact weapon, it can be used only in «close combat» — this is both an advantage (ESHU is ineffective as an offensive weapon) and a disadvantage (to increase the range of destruction, it is necessary to use the so-called «arm extension effect», i.e. use ESHU in the form of a «baton», the linear dimensions of which exceed the dimensions of a standard gas weapon), compensated, fortunately, by the deterrent effect of the sound accompaniment of a spark discharge, associated with the eternal fear of man before electricity;

ESHU is a weapon affordable for most citizens, which does not require special (special) skills in its use except for personal dignity and civil responsibility.

Classification of stun guns

The range of stun guns, differing in tactical and technical characteristics, manufacturers and price, is very wide.

Miniature dischargers class 1, which fit in the palm of your hand — these are more like souvenirs that produce a deterrent effect with a slight pain effect.

Small-sized dischargers class 2– these are products with higher electrical power, which, when exposed, provide a quite noticeable pain effect, which manifests itself within 2-10 seconds after the end of the exposure. The advantages of products of this class are: miniature size (fits in a pocket), reliability, no need to recharge the power source (it is enough to change the battery), relatively low cost (from $ 30 to $ 60). Disadvantages: no effect of «lengthening the arm»: no «neutralizing» effect.

Another disadvantage of most class 2 ESDs is the presence of so-called residual voltage on the output electrodes after the device is turned off, which is unsafe for the owner.

Small-sized class 3 dischargers (they are also often called «electroshock batons») will become the most popular among the main contingent of users — the civilian population and employees of private security agencies.

Their main advantages are providing a neutralizing effect and the effect of «lengthening the arm» with dimensions and weight that allow the products to be carried in a case, bag or in the hand (being packed in a nylon case, they do not differ in appearance from men's or women's folding umbrellas).

These products are equipped with a built-in battery and a charger (built-in or external). The batteries used provide from 100 to 200 cycles of exposure (each cycle of exposure, i.e. «shot», usually does not exceed three seconds), after which they must be recharged (the recharging process takes from 8 to 14 hours). Their estimated price is from $ 60 to $ 150 together with a charger, depending on the output power, the batteries used and some other factors. An example of a class 3 EShU are the well-known products of the «YANA» series and the spark gaps AIR-107 «Scorpion» and AIR-140 «Malvina».

A special representative of the 3rd class ESD is the «Air Taser» arrester. This product is fundamentally different from all others by the presence of external electrodes ejected at a distance of up to 4 meters, electric voltage to which is supplied by miniature current-carrying conductors (similar to a fishing line «shot» by a spinning reel), which allows for protection at a distance. Such a «shot» can be made once, after which you should either change the cartridge containing a drum with current-carrying wires and an ejection means — a spring or a pneumatic device, or use the device as a conventional arrester. This undoubted advantage of the product is «compensated» by and the corresponding price ($350-450 plus $25-40 for a replacement cartridge).

ESHU 4th class— these are products with increased weight and size characteristics and output power, intended for use by employees of organizations with special statutory tasks (instead of rubber and plastic truncheons « democratizers»).

ESHU Class 5 — these are special-purpose weapons.

The operating principle of stun guns

When the device is removed from the safety catch and the activator button is pressed, a serial electric discharge of high voltage current occurs on the contact electrodes, which pulses onto the object.

(1) Belt ring. A well-fitting belt, included in the delivery set, prevents the device from being snatched or knocked out of the defender's hand.

(2) Back cover. Under it is a terminal for connecting the charging power cord, included in the delivery set.

(3) Protective guard with an activator button. The relief of the button is designed taking into account that the device is used in a camouflage case, and it should be easy to touch.

(4) Mechanical safety. Eliminates any possibility of accidental removal from the safety. At the same time, it provides instant unlocking of the activator button.

(5) Highly impact-resistant body. Made using the latest technology from fiberglass with the use of lightweight composites.

(6) Current-carrying belt. Designed and used to prevent the attacker from snatching or blocking the device.

(7) Contact electrodes. Their design is such that they ensure contact of the device with the body of the attacker, dressed in any clothes, from a T-shirt to a sheepskin coat.

 Recommended points and the principle of action

Here is a potential attacker:

The target points are marked with red circles:
— upper chest;
— solar plexus;
— lower abdomen;
— upper thighs.

The biophysical principle of the action of the ESD is quite simple and consists of the following: when electric current flows between the output electrodes of the ESD through living tissues during direct contact of the ESD with the body of the attacker, irritation of the nerve endings located in the muscle tissue under the skin occurs. In this case, the attacker experiences severe pain and stress (psychological or painful impact), which continues for some time after the ESD is turned off and leads to a loss of aggressiveness, muscle weakness and inhibition of reactions (low-power devices are called ESD with psychological impact).

More powerful ESDs cause convulsive muscle contractions (temporary paralysis), disorientation in space (dizziness, temporary loss of ability to work, «disconnection» from reality), in some cases loss of conscious actions (products of such power are called ESD with a neutralizing effect).

In both cases, the effect of the ESD is only a temporary defeat of the attacker (similar to the effect of a gas weapon), called in medicine a first-degree electric shock, which does not lead to serious and long-term disorders of the human body and does not pose a danger to his life (in this sense, the ESD as a weapon can be considered quite humane).

Protection with the help of ESHU from attacks by animals (for example, aggressive dogs) is much more effective than using most gas canisters, since the nervous system of dogs is even more sensitive to the effects of electric current than the nervous system of humans.

If a person is in an excited state (after taking alcohol/drugs/psychotropic substances, etc.), the effectiveness of the stun gun increases significantly (unlike gas and pneumatic devices), when their effect is less effective, since the body is in an excited state and has reduced sensitivity. But most attacks are carried out in a state of alcoholic intoxication!!

Excellent protection from dogs! One powerful discharge may be enough to send dogs to the next world (we do not recommend experimenting again).

In addition, animals are very sensitive to ozone, and the electric discharges of this device produce a fairly large amount of this gas. 

Drive away a dog? No problem – just discharge it in front of the dog and you will see how it will change its plans that it had initially regarding you. A weak characteristic smell can be felt by making a long discharge (1-2 sec.). The smell will be the same as after a thunderstorm (natural lightning, ozone release). 

The device of electric shockers

An electric weapon is a portable, small-sized (miniature) device made in the form of a cylindrical «baton» (tube) or a rectangular parallelepiped with a profiled surface for comfortable holding in the palm of the hand.

In the front part of the ESD there are output («combat») electrodes — metal (sometimes pointed) pins, between which a high-voltage electric discharge occurs in the form of a bluish or yellowish spark, accompanied by a characteristic «cracking». The power source is usually located in the back of the device: an alkaline or rechargeable battery (usually rated for 9-12 volts).

In the middle part of the ESD there is a start button and a mechanical lock (fuse), necessary to prevent accidental activation of the device. «A box with a button» — and that's all. However, this «box» has a high impact on intruders.

Tactics of using service ESU

Tactical techniques should take into account the peculiarities of human reaction when in contact with electric current. In any situation, when using the ESD, it is necessary to prolong the time of contact of the device with the intruder as much as possible (but not more than 3 s).

The ESD, like any other weapon, cannot be threatened ahead of time and without necessity. The exception is aggressive animals, most of which are frightened by the discharge of the pulse. As for the impact on people, the effectiveness will be twice as high with the sudden use of the device.

Tactical techniques for using ESD are based on the following basic rules:

• You cannot take out and threaten ESD without extreme necessity, especially if there is an opportunity to overcome the conflict situation by other, more gentle methods.
• The application must be sudden, so as not to give the criminal the opportunity to mobilize and psychologically prepare for the electric shock. Despite all the efforts of the developers, due to humane and medical restrictions, this factor should not be neglected.
• When using the ESD, the arm should initially be half-bent so that by straightening the arm, it would be possible to extend the time and density of contact of the ESD with the body of the attacker.
• Never underestimate your enemy or overestimate the capabilities of your weapon. Be prepared for any surprises, as mental agitation, alcohol or drug intoxication, as well as individual characteristics of a particular person can significantly affect the nature and quality of the impact of the ESD.
• Do not neglect training, improve your tactical techniques. Remember that decisions can be more unexpected than they sometimes seem, and not everything can always be foreseen in advance.
• Make sure that the ESD is always in good working order and that the power supply is charged. Check the functionality of the ESD after strong blows to the body of the product and in other similar situations.
• It is important to remember that if the contact is short-lived, it will not be possible to use all the advantages of the new special means to the fullest extent.

It is important to remember the following basic restrictions:

• Do not touch the switched-on stun gun near the combat electrodes. You can get an electric shock through the «anti-grip» zone or through the air.
• It is prohibited to use stun guns against a person in the water.
• It is prohibited to use electric shock weapons in explosive environments (at gas stations, etc.).
• It is prohibited to use electric shock weapons against persons with obvious signs of disability, persons under 16 years of age, and pregnant women, except when they are armed or attack in a group.
• When using electric shock weapons, avoid prolonged (more than 3 s) contact of the combat electrodes with areas of vital organs (neck, heart, solar plexus, etc.).

The stun gun, even of increased power, remains a non-lethal weapon. Its use is preferable to the use of firearms, and the stopping power values, provided that the power of the stun gun is increased, are quite comparable.

 Characteristics of the stun gun

The stun gun Kobra and the stun gun Skat

This product is the brainchild of Russian defense technologies, military-industrial complex. All efforts are invested in the power, compactness and reliability of the shocker. Initially, the stun gun was developed for use by law enforcement agencies, as well as the military.

Stun gun Cobra and Skat:

Pulse repetition frequency: 170-190 kHz;
Current consumption in a pulse: up to 1 Ampere (pulse)!
Voltage during discharge on the electrodes: up to 120 THOUSAND Volts!
The distance penetrated by the stun gun reaches 3 cm, which means it is designed for winter clothing!
Electric shock + built-in flashlight;
Anti-snatcher;
If we talk about the size and weight of these stun guns, then here they are also the first:
Length: 225 mm;
Diameter: 35 mm;
Weight (with batteries): 250 g;

The stun gun is designed to scare off and protect against attacks by animals and offenders by exposing them to a high-voltage electric discharge (120,000 volts). 

How does this stun gun differ from most others???

In that it has a special acceleration (accumulation) device that uses the full potential of the device (after an idle discharge, a small charge (residual voltage) remains on the electrodes, which is easily removed by touching the ground, any conductive surface, or placing the stun gun in a case specially designed for it).

The Cobra electric shock uses battery power quite economically, thanks to this very system. Almost all shockers are almost 1.5 times inferior in power, — but in price they are 1.5 — 2 times more expensive!

With fully charged batteries, you can produce at least 200 discharges, after which they are charged for 4-8 hours from a regular 220-volt network (the charger is included with the electric shock). i.e. no additional costs for power supplies are required. The number of charge-discharge cycles of batteries is also at least 200. That is, at least 40,000 discharges on one set of batteries.

The shocker uses 9 D-0.26 batteries.

Electroshock can be used in three ways:

1. psychological weapon (demonstratively discharge in front of the attacker: powerful blue discharges are visible between the electrodes). The visual effect is also accompanied by the acoustic sound from the shocker's discharge with a voltage of 120 thousand volts will not leave anyone indifferent!;
2. direct contact (electric shock), including through winter clothing;
3. flashlight (for example, to check documents).

The presence of a built-in and fairly powerful flashlight is especially important for girls/women and teenagers — for illuminating darkened areas (for example, the entrance to the building). This electric shock is reliable protection and convenience (flashlight) for drivers of any direction (be it a simple car enthusiast or an experienced truck driver).

The device has 4 sharp brass spikes, which can pierce a decent layer of clothing (although the electric shock itself is capable of «piercing» a layer up to 3 centimeters thick, right through clothing (with a discharge) without touching the human body with electrodes).

From my own observation: the spikes on the stun gun, initially having the appearance of a sharp needle, melt a little after the first discharges (within acceptable limits). And remain in a normal state, this then does not affect its effectiveness at all. This is a normal phenomenon for a stun gun of this class. This also characterizes its power.

A discharge of average duration of 1-3 seconds causes titanic convulsions, severe pain, knocks the attacker off his feet and leads to a temporary loss of adequate control over the situation, causes disorientation. When affecting large muscle zones and areas of accumulation of nerve endings, short-term muscle paralysis is achieved. With a powerful discharge, loss of consciousness (fainting) or a motionless state of shock is achieved within 3-5 seconds. The attacker falls and remains in a state of prostration for several minutes. The most sensitive areas are the head, neck, and chest.

ESHU «Laska-2»

The electroshock device (ESD) is a civilian self-defense weapon. It has no harmful effect on human health and the environment; In self-defense, you will not be harmed by an electric discharge, even if the attacker holds you; The damage also occurs through clothing; It is small in size and easy to carry; Two batteries are enough for 600 discharges without deterioration in the quality of work. Action: When the electrodes of the switched-on ESD touch the attacker's body for: 0.5-1 sec. — Causes pain and psychological shock; 2-5 sec. — Deprives the ability to act, sometimes leads to fainting.

Technical specifications:

1. Discharge voltage 65 kV
2. Discharge energy up to 3 J/s
3. Pulse repetition frequency 15 — 25 Hz
4. Power source battery «Energizer» 9 V (2 pcs.)
5. Current consumption no more than 0.9 A
6. Operating temperature range minus 15 — 25 plus 40
7. Relative humidity at 25° 98% 
8. Weight 250g 
9. Maximum dimensions 158x68x20 mm

Karakurt A

Medical and biological tests conducted in a certified laboratory of the Ministry of Health showed that this product has a unique, most effective effect on biological objects.

This small device contains energy that can calm down almost any attacker. A modern energy-intensive battery provides a deliberately excessive number of damaging discharges — more than 250 from one charge. The battery requires monthly recharging.

Karakurt B 

The most effective first-class discharger that operates on a battery. The body design provides increased ergonomics of the stun gun during use and/or wearing.

«Karakurt-B» operates on one «Energizer» battery of the «Krona» type. This battery is enough for 50-70 impacts. If you have not used electric shock, the battery remains functional for nine to twelve months. The product is equipped with a fastening for wearing on a belt.

«Karakurt B» s.k.

On the basis of this model «Karakurt B» a special adjustment has been made, allowing to achieve the maximum permissible power and increased efficiency of impact on the muscular and nervous systems of the enemy. For this purpose the following measures have been taken: 

Specially selected elite configuration (enhanced quality control of incoming electronic elements); 

Special, individual adjustment of the circuit of each product; ensuring optimal functioning; 

100% double control of products according to the extended methodology of acceptance tests; including, among other things, technological running-in. 

High current and frequency when affecting particularly sensitive areas makes it possible to cause short-term loss of consciousness in the enemy.

Dimensions and completeness are preserved. 

ESHU-039

• The ESHU-039 body is made of impact-resistant plastic, designed for high loads;
• the use of modern and high-quality compounds guarantees the reliability of the ESHU-039;
• the ESHU-039 electrical board is coated with a special compound that protects the electronic circuit from moisture, which ensures the operability of the device in conditions of high humidity;
• the safety switch protects the consumer from the formation of an electric discharge when the start button is accidentally pressed;
• the battery charge indicator allows you to check the serviceability of the power source without turning on the ESHU, in idle mode;
• 2 Energizer 6LR61 batteries are enough for 600 discharges of the ESHU-039 without deterioration in the quality of work;
• the damaging effect of the ESHU-039 meets medical standards for the Ministry of Internal Affairs.

Use:

In case of attack, use your thumb to slide the safety catch, press the button and press the ESHU-039 to the attacker's body. In self-defense, you will not be harmed by an electric discharge, even if the enemy holds you.

0.5-1 seconds of exposure causes the attacker to have a painful muscle spasm, psychological shock, the attacker loses the ability to take active actions;

3 seconds of exposure lead to loss of consciousness.

Technical specifications:

d width=»37%» valign=»MIDDLE»>250g

ESHU-039 is a reliable means of active defense and has a number of significant advantages over other special means:

• ESHU-039 can be used in confined spaces (for example: passenger transport, aircraft cabin, car, elevator, stairwell), when the use of gas or firearms is impossible
• ESHU-039 causes minimal traumatic effect compared to firearms, gas or bladed weapons
• use of ESHU-039 does not require special tactics of application with minimal physical impact
• compact dimensions and light weight (250 g) of ESHU-039 allow you to always have it with you, provide the possibility of concealed carrying of ESHU-039 and prompt use
• the switched on ESHU-039 has a powerful psychological effect, especially on aggressive animals.

Arnold AIR-107

Main technical characteristics:
Maximum output voltage, not less than: 750000
Power supply voltage 24 /+2.5/-2.5
Built-in charger
Power supply voltage of the charger 220V/50 Hz household electrical network
Current consumption of the charger not less than 100 mA
AIR operating mode: cyclic. Cycle composition: discharge-pause with a discharge duration of no more than 3 seconds with an average pause duration of at least 10 seconds.
AIR provides at least 200 cycles with a fully charged battery.
The number of recharges of a stationary battery is at least 200.
Battery charging time is 10 hours.
Overall dimensions, mm, no more than 41 X 450
Weight, no more than 1020 g.

Margo ESHU

Contact electroshock device (ESD) of the 3rd class. Small pocket discharger. Average impact power up to 1.2 W. Impulse voltage up to 45 kV. Case: dimensions 165x55x25 mm, weight 200 g. The power source is a 9 V battery (Krona type). We recommend using a 9 V battery. «Energazer 6LR61.Alkaline», due to its high current output and ability to hold a charge at the level required for the product for several years. This battery provides 50-80 discharges of 3 seconds. We recommend using this product as a psychological weapon against humans (unpleasant sound of electric discharge) or against dogs (the dog's nervous system is much more sensitive to electric discharge). The ESHU model is equipped with a strap for wearing on the hand.

 Autonomous spark gap «Katran»

The electroshock device «Katran» (AIR — Autonomous spark gap) is a civilian self-defense weapon designed to defeat an enemy with high-voltage electric current.

The autonomous spark gap «Katran» creates high-voltage current pulses that instantly block processes in the attacker's nervous system and paralyze his muscle activity for 3 to 10 minutes. The electroshock device «Katran» will protect against attacks in confined spaces, when the use of a gas pistol and canister is unacceptable — in an elevator, entrance, car, as well as in any other extreme situation when there is a threat to your safety. 

Power 2 J/s 
Pulse voltage 65 kV 
Pulse frequency not less than 50 Hz 
Power supply Battery 9V Alkaline (type «Krona») 
Class 1 
Dimensions (without electrodes) 165 x 56 x 29 mm 
Weight 0.25 kg 

Electroshock device «Convoy»

The electroshock device «Convoy» is a civilian self-defense weapon designed to defeat an enemy with high-voltage electric current. The electroshock device «Convoy» creates high-voltage current pulses that usually block processes in the attacker's nervous system and paralyze his muscle activity for 3 to 15 minutes. The electroshock device will protect against attacks in confined spaces, when the use of a gas pistol or canister is unacceptable — in an elevator, entrance, car, as well as in any other extreme situation when there is a threat to your safety.

Electric stun guns series «Malvina»

Contact electroshock device of the 1st class. With close contact, the discharge penetrates a thick layer of clothing (12-15 mm). A 3-second discharge usually ensures the incapacitation of the attacker, the removal of aggression and the loss of coordination of movement. When affecting large muscle zones and areas of accumulation of nerve endings, short-term muscle paralysis is achieved. Equipped with a strap for wearing on the hand and a camouflage cover for a women's umbrella.

Average impact power up to 3.0 W.
Pulse voltage up to 90 kV.
The model is available in 6 modifications:

First modification («Malvina-250»)

The impact-resistant fiberglass body of a cylindrical shape, 25 cm long, allows you to keep the enemy away and use the model as a baton. The diameter of the product is 3 cm, weight 350 g, comfortable for a woman's hand.

Power source — built-in Ni-Cd battery. Built-in charger.
A fully charged battery provides from 150 to 200 discharges of 3 seconds (2-3 seconds is enough time to defeat the enemy) and is designed for 200 charge-discharge cycles.

The second modification («Malvina-200»)

Unlike the first modification, the length of the product is 20 cm and the weight is 300 grams. This electric shock easily fits into a medium-sized lady's handbag.

The power source is a 9 V battery (Krona type).

It is recommended to use a 9 V battery «Energazer 6LR61.Alkaline», due to its high current output, the ability to hold a charge at the level required for the product for several years. This battery provides 50-80 discharges of 3 seconds. 

The third and fourth modifications (special settings)

Based on the previous two models, a special setting has been implemented, allowing for maximum permissible power and increased effectiveness of impact on the enemy's muscular and nervous systems. The following measures have been taken for this purpose:

Specially selected elite equipment (enhanced quality control of incoming electronic components);

Special, individual adjustment of the circuit of each product; ensuring optimal functioning; 

100% double control of products according to the extended methodology of acceptance tests; including, among other things, technological running-in. 

High current and frequency when affecting particularly sensitive areas makes it possible to cause short-term loss of consciousness in the enemy.

Sizes and completeness are preserved.

The fifth and sixth modifications are remote (DESHU)

It is a modernization of the Malvina-200, Malvina-250 electric shock devices and has the following characteristics:
Remote action — a nozzle made in the form of a landing socket for a replaceable, disposable AIR TAZER cartridge.

Contact impact — in the absence of a replaceable AIR TAZER cartridge, — the model is used as a basic contact product.

AIR TAZER cartridge.

Under the influence of compressed carbon dioxide, two harpoons on a conductive line are fired from a disposable cartridge inserted into the DESHU. The line is connected to the conductive electrodes of the electroshock device.

Accumulated statistics on the use of DESHU show that the defending side most often fires from a distance of two to three meters. The spread of the electrodes in this case is -20 cm. With a longer shot (maximum -4.5 m), the spread of the electrodes increases and it becomes difficult to hit the target.

An important feature is that the aggressor receives an electric shock only when both harpoons hit the body or clothing.

After the shot, it is recommended to quickly change the disposable cartridge or use the DESHU as a regular contact product, without a cartridge, the power of the DESHU does not change.

Scorpion series stun guns

Contact electroshock device of the 1st class. Impact-resistant fiberglass body of cylindrical shape, 33 cm long, allows not to let the enemy get too close and to use the model as a baton. The diameter of the product is 4.1 cm, weight 720 g, convenient for use by law enforcement and security agencies. Equipped with a belt for wearing on the hand and a camouflage cover for a man's umbrella. Additionally equipped with a cover for belt wearing.

Average impact power up to 3 W.

The battery and charger are built-in. The battery operates in a temperature range from -20 to +50 ° C. A fully charged battery provides 150 to 200 discharges of 3 seconds each (2-3 seconds is enough time to defeat the enemy) and is designed for 200 charge-discharge cycles.

The model is available in 4 modifications:

First modification («Scorpion»)

Pulse voltage up to 65 kV. To increase the depth of clothing breakdown, the combat electrodes of the electric shock are sharpened.

High current and frequency when applied to particularly sensitive areas make it possible to cause short-term loss of consciousness in the enemy.

A special feature of this model is the presence of 4 combat electrodes.

Second modification («Scorpion-U»)

Pulse voltage up to 90 kV, which allows you to penetrate 12-15 mm of thick clothing.
A 3-second discharge usually incapacitates the attacker, removes aggression and causes loss of coordination. When affecting large muscle zones and areas of accumulation of nerve endings, short-term muscle paralysis is achieved.

The third modification (Scorpion)

A special setting has been implemented on the basis of the second modification, allowing for maximum power and increased effectiveness of impact on the muscular and nervous systems of the enemy. For this, the following measures have been taken:

Specially selected elite configuration (enhanced quality control of incoming electronic components); 

Special, individual configuration of each product circuit; ensuring optimal operation; 

100% double control of products using an extended acceptance test methodology; including, among other things, technological run-in. 

High current and frequency when applied to particularly sensitive areas can cause short-term loss of consciousness in the enemy.

The fourth modification of the «Scorpion-350 AT» remote (DESHU)

It is a modernization of the «Scorpion-U» electric shock, and has the following characteristics:

Remote action — a nozzle made in the form of a seat for a replaceable, disposable AIR TAZER cartridge.

Contact action — in the absence of a replaceable AIR TAZER cartridge, — the model is used as a basic contact product.

Taser electric shock guns

Taser devices can be made either in the form of a regular electric shock device the size of a flashlight, or in the form of a gun, which is several times lighter than a real one. We will talk about devices called Air Taser or Advanced Taser (M18, M18L and M26).

According to the developers, the main advantage of their device and the difference between Taser and its analogues is that the electric shock effect on the attacker can be carried out at a distance of: from 4.5 to 6.5 m.

The most interesting thing is the principle of operation of the Taser. The device uses special charges that, thanks to compressed nitrogen, throw two arrows on wires at the offender. Electric voltage is supplied to the so-called external electrodes using miniature current-carrying conductors; in other words, the needles are connected by thin, durable wires to AA Energizer batteries in the Taser handle.

Maximum efficiency is achieved when the distance between the arrows stuck into the clothing is at least 200 mm.

The electric discharge penetrates a layer of clothing up to 38 mm thick. To avoid causing damage in cases where the arrows pierce the clothing, limiters are put on their tips, preventing the arrows from penetrating the skin by more than 6 mm.

After hitting the target, all that remains is to pull the trigger to send a high-voltage alternating current charge (18 to 26 watts) through the wires, which has a very low current strength and therefore cannot cause any serious damage to the offender being detained.

Taser guns are equipped with a guidance system, like a real weapon, — this is an infrared or laser sight: the beam from the under-barrel grenade launcher projects a red dot onto the target.

Taser is a non-lethal weapon: the stun gun does not harm a person, but only deprives him of the ability to move for several minutes, blocks the muscular system of the enemy.

The developers claim that there are no negative consequences or side effects after a Taser hit. If you follow the instructions and do not shoot the enemy in the face, you can seriously injure him, or drown him if he is swimming.

The most inconvenient — thing is that the gun is disposable: police models are equipped with two cartridges with arrows, providing an additional attempt to hit the detainee, while the average consumer has only one attempt and the Taser needs to be reloaded, which can take several minutes.

And there is one trick in the Taser — when fired, tiny circles of paper fly out of the barrel of the gun like confetti. On them (on each one several times) is printed the serial number of the weapon, by which the owner can be tracked. In general, the United States is happy with electroshock pistols: Taser has been adopted by many police departments, and in the near future this means of self-defense will be received by pilots of more than 500 aircraft.

The external contacts of the stun gun are designed to come into contact with the opponent's body. In this case, the discharge causes a knockback effect, and with a longer exposure — disorientation and inability to perform conscious actions. When the button is released, the device stops working, the energy storage device is automatically discharged, so touching the contacts is safe immediately after switching off. 

Operating principle.The ESHU operates on a 9-volt alkaline battery placed in a special compartment under the lid at the bottom of the case.

There is a switch on the middle part of the case, the special design of which prevents accidental activation of the device. When you press the protruding edge of the button all the way, the circuit is closed, and the device begins to generate a series of high-voltage pulses.

The operation of the device is indicated by a spark between the internal contacts and a sharp clicking sound. Spark and sound have a strong psychological impact on a potential enemy, as a result of which he may refuse to attack you. 

 Bibliography

http://ultra.tamb.ru/electroshock.html
http://f12.ru/shoker/index.html
http://gunroom.chat.ru/elektro.htm
http://npo-sm.ru/mag/2024.html
http://kiev-security.org.ua/box/13/83.shtml
http://gunmagazine.ua/three/defense/index.htm

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