Electromechanical locks.
Electromechanical door locks of various types and designs are most widely used in access control systems (ACS) as actuators.
SCOPE OF APPLICATION
All electromechanical door locks intended for use in ACS must combine increased secrecy and reliability of mechanical cylinders with the ability to remotely control the locks by the access control system controller. In terms of the method of unlocking/locking the door, electromechanical locks are identical to mechanical ones, while the control of the lock state (open/closed) is carried out using electricity. The presence of an electromechanical drive allows for remote automatic control of the lock state, and also makes electromechanical locks more secure compared to conventional mechanical ones.
Due to the high reliability and long service life inherited from mechanical locks, locks with an electromechanical drive are most often installed in the doors of offices of Russian and foreign companies equipped with ACS.
Selecting an electromechanical lock for a door controlled by an access control system
When selecting the type of electromechanical door lock, first of all, it is necessary to determine the required door operating modes. The most common situation is when it is necessary to organize the door operating mode during the daytime (working) and nighttime (non-working) hours. This is due to the fact that during the daytime, electromechanical locks must ensure guaranteed locking/unlocking of doors and the passage of a given flow of people without delays.
At night, electromechanical locks must be in the «closed» state and provide protection of the door from burglary. In addition, sometimes there is a task of organizing emergency and emergency door operation modes, when, upon a signal from the ACS controller, electromechanical locks must switch to a special operating mode. In particular, to unlock the doors in the event of a fire or, conversely, to lock all doors in the event of unauthorized entry of strangers into protected premises.
Types of electromechanical locks
According to the installation method, electromechanical locks are divided into surface-mounted and mortise. Mortise-type electromechanical locks are usually installed in doors controlled by ACS, since they have the greatest protection against breaking and manipulation of the lock cylinder.
The variety of mortise lock models combined with standardized mortise allows, if necessary, to quickly replace one lock with another without additional installation work.
In Russia, the Scandinavian mortise standard is the most common. Depending on the door type — with or without a rebate — the corresponding locking plates are used. According to the opening side, electromechanical locks are right-handed and left-handed. The side of some solenoid and motor locks is switched mechanically during installation.
Normal open and normally closed electromechanical locks
Depending on the state in the absence of control voltage, locks are divided into normally open and normally closed. If the electromechanical lock has a factory setting of «normally closed», then when the control voltage is applied to the lock, the door can be opened. In the absence of voltage, a normally closed lock can only be opened with a key or an internal handle.
If the electromechanical lock has a «normally open» setting, this means that when the control voltage is applied, the lock closes and can only be opened mechanically. Without power, such electromechanical locks do not work, and the doors are in an unlocked state. Most often, normally closed electromechanical locks are installed on doors controlled by ACS. Normally open locks are equipped with evacuation and fire doors, and they are constantly under voltage when closed.
Operating principle of electromechanical locks
All electromechanical locks keep the door locked using a deadbolt, the position of which is controlled by a mechanical key or a special electromechanical device controlled by the ACS. An electric motor can act as such a device — such locks are called motor locks.
The deadbolt can also be controlled by an electromagnet (solenoid) together with a cam handle; such electromechanical locks are called solenoid locks. Solenoid locks respond to the control signal instantly. Motor locks provide more reliable door locking, but have a lower response speed. Their long service life makes them ideal for use in high-traffic entry doors.
Solenoid electromechanical locks
The outer handle of a typical solenoid lock is connected to the mechanism for moving the bolt by a control signal (when power is applied or disconnected). The control signal does not retract the bolt into the housing, but only engages the rotation mechanism, which, when the cam handle is pressed, retracts the bolt into the housing.
Some types of locks have an internal handle permanently connected to the deadbolt movement mechanism (ensuring free exit from the room). The lock latches automatically when the door is closed. The lock is controlled by various impulse devices with potential-free contacts. There is also a modification with electrical control of both handles. These electromechanical locks can be installed on any interior doors, as well as on external doors of residential buildings. They can also be installed on fire doors and emergency exit doors.
An electromechanical lock with a double-action deadbolt is well suited for locking the interior doors of business centers, exterior doors of private homes, educational and public buildings. Such locks are effectively used with door automation and pendulum doors. The lock can be cut into the frame above the door.
Electromotor locks
In some motor locks, the deadbolt is extended into the mating part of the lock by a spring and retracted by means of an electric motor. All high-reliability motor locks are necessarily equipped with a built-in door contact (reed switch). It prevents the deadbolt from coming out if the door is not closed.
A motor drive in combination with door magnets and multiple indicator outputs allows you to design a multifunctional lock with increased reliability, providing several door operating modes at once, as well as flexible adjustment and control of the parameters of the locking control system.
Design features of electromechanical locks for various types of doors
Electromechanical locks for internal and external doors differ in design and materials used. When manufacturing electromechanical locks for external doors, temperature fluctuations are taken into account and protection from precipitation is provided. The housings and internal parts of such locks are made of anti-corrosion materials, and all units and parts of the lock are designed to operate in a wide range of temperatures, high humidity, precipitation, dust, etc. There are also versions of electromechanical locks for solid (wooden and metal) doors and for doors made of aluminum profile (housing depth up to 50 mm).
Europrofile locks with multi-point locking
Multi-point motor locks combine several functions with a wide range of indications for different states, all in one multi-point locking design. In addition to increased security, they offer the same versatility as conventional motor lock housings.
Multipoint locking systems include a main motor lock in the middle and two additional locks with hook bolts. All three locks use one common front plate and are controlled by the main lock.
The main lock has two deadbolts: a double-action deadbolt and a straight deadbolt. The straight deadbolt in the main lock and the hook bolts of the additional locks are retracted into the housing from the motor. The double-action deadbolt of the main lock is released when the electric control is turned on. The lock can always be opened from the inside handle or from the cylinder.
Special electromechanical lock 809 (effeff)
The electromechanical lock 809 combines mechanical reliability with an electronic control and management system. This is a self-locking lock with an «anti-panic» function. When the door is closed, the bolt automatically closes, so the door is always locked, which increases security. From the inside, the door can be opened at any time using the push handle.
The lock is equipped with an external handle with electrical control. If the electrical signal is not supplied, the external handle is not connected to the lock mechanism. Installation of additional devices, such as electromechanical latches or a controller, is not required.
All the main functions of the lock (the position of the bolt, pressing the handles, etc.) can be controlled using built-in contacts. Such a door is perfectly combined with other security systems.
ISEO 5213-10 (ISEO) surface-mounted electromechanical lock
The lock can be opened by applying a short-term impulse of 12 V/3 A, it is opened from the outside with a key, from the inside — with a button. The opening button can be locked with a key. The absence of voltage does not affect the functioning of the button or key. The lock is powered by a separate power supply. A two-wire cable is used to power the lock, a flexible transition or contact pair is installed where the cable passes from the door frame to the movable part of the door. Door type: opening inward, hinges on the left. The dimensions of the lock are 106 x 130 x 40 mm, the door thickness is 50-85 mm.
All types of surface-mounted locks can be mounted on metal and wooden doors. For reliable operation of the lock, it is recommended to equip the door with a closer.
Latches of the 118th series with special functions (effeff)
The 118 series of electric strikes includes standard models (118), smoke protection models (118S) and fire models (118F). Thanks to their special technical features, versatility (voltage range 10-24 V and 22-42 V DC or AC) and flexibility in use, these three identical sizes of strikes offer a wide range of application possibilities. The compact dimensions (66 x 16 x 25.5 mm) allow installation in almost any door.
Installation, positioning and adjustment are significantly simplified by the FaFix and ProFix2 options. The radial latch does not fold back when opening (as with conventional models), but is moved by turning in the latch housing. This allows the recess in the frame profile to be reduced or eliminated entirely. The cable connection is either via screw terminals or a plug connection.
All three models can be supplied with a door position contact. The fire door latch (118F) is equipped with a bipolar diode as standard.
Europrofile locks with handle control and multi-point locking EL466 and EL566 (ABLOY®)
ABLOY® multi-point locks consist of a main EL460/EL560 lock in the middle and two additional hookbolt locks. All three locks share a common front plate and are controlled by the main lock.
The handle-controlled lock can be set to operate as either «closed without power» or «opened without power». In the «closed without power» mode, the lock can be opened by the handle when the power is on, and cannot be opened when the power is off. In the «open without power» mode, the electrical function is the opposite.
EL566 and EL466 — only the outer handle is electrically controlled. The lock can always be opened by the inner handle or cylinder.
EL567 and EL467 — both handles are electrically controlled. Mechanical opening by cylinder or thumbturn is always possible.
ABLOY® multi-point solenoid locks are installed on interior doors of business centers, public buildings, hospitals, etc. They are usually installed on high-security doors, fire doors, and other high doors, such as in warehouses and service rooms.
Handle-controlled locks are designed for doors with medium traffic. Electric control of the locks is carried out using an ACS or remote control devices, such as a timer, keypad, or push button.
EL460/EL560 locks can be installed on emergency exits, evacuation exits, and fire doors. Not used with door automation.
Multifunctional motor lock of the Scandinavian standard EL754 (ABLOY®)
The ABLOY® EL754 lock is a new generation of motor locks for solid wooden and steel doors.
EL754 is designed for installation on external doors that require increased security. The lock includes two deadbolts, each of which has separate electric control. The double deadbolt is designed for easy and quick locking, and therefore it is recommended for use on doors that are often used during the day. The high-security deadbolt is a good solution for night locking, where higher burglary resistance and security are required.
The EL754 lock is suitable for ACS, and, in addition, various electrical devices such as card readers, code dialers or timers can be used to control this lock. The EL754 is especially effective in doors with swing automation.
Elettrica Series (CISA)
The Elettrica series of locks is designed to provide high burglary resistance when installed on gates and wickets of private homes and institutions. The design of the lock features a new locking system using a rotary bolt. Car doors are equipped with a similar locking system, designed to provide maximum reliability to external influences. It is this approach that has made it possible to achieve impressive burglary resistance results — resistance to opening of the lock and plate — up to 2000 kg, the best resistance to vibrations and impacts (patented system).
The external reinforced body of the lock completely hides the lock mechanism and the strike plate.
Elettrika is a universal lock suitable for installation on both right and left doors (patented) with a variable distance from the end to the cylinder axis from 50 to 80 mm (patented).
The Elettrika lock is equipped with a new self-adjusting rotary strike plate, providing both vertical and horizontal installation of the lock.
The Elettrika rotary deadbolt allows operation in two different modes (patented system).
Electric motor lock E-Volution (CISA)
The E-Volution lock uses an electric motor as a drive for closing and opening. The basic configuration of the E-volution electric motor lock assumes an opening system using a contact electronic key — a transponder, included in the lock delivery set.
There are other options for opening the CISa E-volution lock, such as a card with a microprocessor and a cryptogram that cannot be copied, as well as opening using biometric recognition devices. In addition, the E-volution lock can be integrated with an access control system (ACS).
E-volution is equipped with a backup power supply — a high-capacity lead battery, allowing the client to open the lock in the usual way.
In the event of a complete loss of power supply and battery failure, E-volution can be opened with a mechanical key included in the cylinder secrecy mechanism kit.