Coordinate, digital and wireless intercoms and their features.
Coordinate, digital and wireless intercoms and their features
Coordinate intercoms
Coordinate intercomsare the most common type of access control system equipment. The operation of such intercoms is based on the principle of switching coordinate-matrix systems. When installed, coordinate intercoms require the use of many wires: two wires are needed to connect each apartment. One of them corresponds to the tens register in the apartment number, and the other to the units register. To connect each subscriber device, it is necessary to run jumpers from the required two wires to the handset installed in the apartment. Modern multi-apartment coordinate intercomsare a specialized microprocessor system designed for installation in apartment buildings, offices, and for organizing a selector communication system. The number of subscribers should not exceed 220. The terminal devices installed in such systems at the subscriber's are apartment intercom tubes such as TKP-01, TKP-05, TKP-07, TKP-10. The tube contains simple electronics on two transistors, which reproduces the call signal and provides communication with the panel. The apartment address is selected by a switchboard, usually installed on the ground floor between the intercom and the multi-core communication cable. It should be taken into account that coordinate intercoms, due to the large number of cables, are often overloaded. There is a risk of either not placing all the cables, or they will break immediately or later due to strong tension, or insulation burrs will be created, which sometimes short-circuit, sometimes do not short-circuit to the body of the riser pipe or to each other. These types of intercomsare characterized by the fact that in the event of a short circuit in the coordinate system, the malfunction manifests itself in listening to other people's calls, conversations and the impossibility of opening the entrance door from the apartment in many apartments in the entrance.
Digital intercoms
Digital intercomdiffers from the coordinate type of the used system of switching communication lines with subscriber devices. It is possible to connect 255 apartments to such a system via a line of two wires. The handsets are connected in parallel. Digital intercom has a decoder that stores the apartment address in memory and ensures the connection of the handset via the communication line. The digital intercom system operates on the basis of a microprocessor. The following types of intercoms are installed and servicedmuch faster and easier than, for example, those discussed above. For the entire entrance, during installation, only two wires are used, which are pulled up the riser, providing a communication line for the entire entrance. There are negative aspects: digital intercom is equipped with a complex type of handset, which is characterized by frequent breakdowns. One faulty handset can lead to a failure in the entire entrance, for example, to listening to someone else's call or the inability to open the door. The obvious advantages include the fact that all system malfunctions are quite easily eliminated by specialists, in addition, digital intercomcan be equipped with a video camera on the call panel, transmitting an image of the person who has arrived. In fact, this is the same as the entrance video intercoms.
Wireless intercoms
One of the most convenient systems is a wireless intercom, since it allows you to have the handset with you, while being in any part of the apartment. It provides the ability to negotiate with the person who has arrived and control the lock remotely. Such types of intercomsare also called radio intercoms. They are characterized by duplex communication via a radio channel, the possibility of speakerphone, remote control of the lock and lighting. The hardware complex includes a remote module for installation on the outside (visitor) with a speakerphone panel in a vandal-proof design. The wireless intercom also has a basic module, which is installed inside and functions as the main device with an intercom handset. The system is powered from the network automatically, but even if there is no voltage in the network, wireless intercom can function thanks to the built-in power source. Currently, there are three known types of such radio intercoms: — for individual use in apartments and other residential premises. It includes a remote module with a negotiation panel and a base module with a wired handset. The radio channel range is from 50 to 100 meters.
- for the office, consists of a remote module with a negotiation panel, a base module and several (up to 5) negotiation handsets. Includes communication between handsets and channel forwarding. The radio channel range is from 100 to 300 meters;
- for the entrance, including a remote module with a security panel, base and subscriber modules. It has the ability to use electronic keys, call a security guard from the entrance panel. The radio channel range can reach two kilometers. In addition, a video recorder can be connected to this type of system, converting it to the status of a video intercom.